Definitions
Grof's
Basic Perinatal Matrices, summarized in his own words
- BPM I:
The biological basis of this matrix is the experience of the
original symbiotic unity of the fetus with the [mother]....
Archetypal images from the collective unconscious that can be
selectively reached in this state involve the heavens or
paradises of different cultures of the world. The experience of
the first matrix also involves elements of cosmic unity or
mystical union.
- BPM II:
This experiential pattern is related to the very onset of
biological delivery....the original equilibrium of the
intrauterine existence is disturbed....Very characteristic for
this stage is the experience of a three-dimensional spiral,
funnel, or whirlpool, sucking the subject relentlessly towards
its center....The corresponding mythological theme seems to be
the beginning of the hero's journey....Agonizing feelings of
metaphysical loneliness, helplessness, inferiority, existential
despair, and guilt are standard constituents of this matrix.
- BPM III:
Many important aspects of this complex experiential matrix can
be understood from its association with the second clinical
stage of biological delivery....This involves an enormous
struggle for survival, crushing mechanical pressure, and often a
high degree of anoxia and suffocation....[Themes of BPM III
include the] titanic fight, sadomasochistic experiences, intense
sexual arousal, demonic episodes, scatalogical involvement, and
encounter with fire. All these occur in the context of a
determined death-rebirth struggle....Related archetypal
themes are images of the Last Judgement, the extraordinary feats
of superheroes, and mythological battles of cosmic proportions
involving demons and angels or gods and Titans....[BPM III
experiences] combine sex with death, danger, biological
material, aggression, self-destructive impulses, physical pain,
and spirituality.
- BPM IV:
This perinatal matrix is meaningfully related to the third
clinical stage of delivery, the actual birth of the child. In
this final stage, the agonizing process of the birth struggle
comes to an end....The symbolic counterpart of this final stage
of delivery is the death-rebirth experience....The
transition from BPM III to BPM IV involves a sense of
annihilation on all imaginable levels--physical destruction,
emotional debacle, intellectual defeat, ultimate moral failure,
and absolute damnation of transcendental proportions.This
experience of "ego death" seems to entail an instant merciless
destruction all previous reference points in the life of the
individual....[after which]The subject experiences a deep sense
of spiritual liberation, redemption, and salvation.
Rethinking BPMs